如何脱保护——醇的脱苄(Benzyl Deprotection of Alcohols)反应
在多步合成反应中,苄基常被用来保护醇。为了去保护,苄醚首先氧化加成到Pd(0)催化剂上,形成Pd(II)络合物,然后,氢配位转移促进醇释放,还原性消除甲苯,并再生Pd(0)催化剂。
试剂:Pd/C,H2,溶剂 (EtOH, MeOH, THF, 甲苯等)
反应物:苄醚
产物:醇,甲苯
反应类型:氢解
实验提示
多种脱保护方法被开发,如1,4-环己二烯作氢转移源[1],在温和条件下用电化学氧化法[2],或者用氯磺酰异氰酸酯-氢氧化钠去除保护基团[3]。
甲苯作溶剂,烯烃被选择性还原(苄醚不受影响)[3]。
H2, 10% Pd/C,在甲苯中选择性裂解脂肪族苄醚[3]。
H2, 5% Rh/Al2O3,在甲醇中选择性裂解酚苄醚[3]。
1. Quinn et al. 1,4-Cyclohexadiene with Pd/C as a rapid, safe transfer hydrogenation system with microwave heating. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49(42), 6137-6140. 2. Weinreb et al. Efficacious cleavage of the benzyl ether protecting group by electrochemical oxidation. J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40(9), 1356-1358. 3. Wuts, P. G. M. (2014). Greene’s Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (Fifth Ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
反应机理
热门引用
Control of and Dehalogenation Reactions during Liquid-Phase Reduction by H2. Journal of Catalysis. 2006, 237 (2), 349-358.
Debenzylation of N-Benzylamino Derivatives by Catalytic Transfer Hydrtyation With Ammonium Formate. Synthetic Communications. 1987, 17 (4), 415-418.
Influence of Catalyst Type, Solvent, Acid and Base on the Selectivity and Rate in the of 4-Chloro-N,N-Dibenzyl Aniline with PdC and H2. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical. 1996, 112 (3), 437-445.
相关化合物
钯催化剂